Al Saflieni Hypogeum

The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Introduction

Located in Paola, Malta, the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most fascinating ancient monuments in the world. This subterranean structure dates back to around 3600 BC, making it even older than Stonehenge in England. The Hypogeum is an intricate network of underground chambers, corridors, and burial sites that showcase the advanced engineering skills and spiritual beliefs of Malta’s ancient inhabitants.

History

The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum was discovered in 1902 by a group of workers who were excavating for building materials. Initially, they stumbled upon a series of tombs, but further exploration revealed an extensive network of underground chambers. The site was later excavated and studied by the renowned Maltese archaeologist, Sir Themistocles Zammit.

The Hypogeum is believed to have been built in three stages:

  1. The Early Period (3600-3300 BC): During this phase, the first tombs were constructed, featuring simple burial chambers with rounded walls.
  2. The Middle Period (3300-3000 BC): The site expanded significantly during this stage, with the addition of more complex chambers and corridors.
  3. The Late Period (3000-2500 BC): This final phase saw the construction of the most impressive features, including the intricate stone carvings and painted ceilings.

Architecture and Layout

The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is a remarkable feat of ancient engineering, considering its age and the limited technology available at the time. The site spans over 500 square meters and consists of three main levels:

Level 1: The Upper Level

  • This level features several tombs, including the famous " Oracle’s Chamber" with its elaborate stone carvings.
  • The walls are adorned with red ochre paintings, depicting various symbols and animals.

Level 2: The Middle Level

  • This level is characterized by a series of interconnected corridors and chambers.
  • The most impressive feature is the “Holy of Holies,” a small chamber with an intricately carved stone door.

Level 3: The Lower Level

  • This level is the oldest part of the Hypogeum, featuring simple burial chambers with rounded walls.
  • The walls are adorned with red ochre paintings, similar to those found on Level 1.

Notable Features and Artifacts

  • The Sleeping Lady: A famous statue discovered in the Oracle’s Chamber, depicting a reclining woman. The statue is believed to represent a fertility goddess or an ancient priestess.
  • Red Ochre Paintings: The Hypogeum features some of the oldest and best-preserved red ochre paintings in the world, dating back over 5,500 years.
  • Intricate Stone Carvings: The site boasts an impressive array of stone carvings, including spirals, honeycombs, and other geometric patterns.
  • Ancient Burial Practices: The Hypogeum provides valuable insights into the burial practices of Malta’s ancient inhabitants, including the use of personal items and offerings.

Visiting Information

Opening Hours:

  • April to September: 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM (last admission at 4:30 PM)
  • October to March: 9:00 AM - 4:30 PM (last admission at 4:00 PM)

Tickets:

  • Adults: €15
  • Concessions (seniors, students, and youth): €12
  • Children under 12 years: Free

Guided Tours:

  • Guided tours are available in multiple languages, including English, Maltese, Italian, French, German, Spanish, and Portuguese.
  • Audio guides are also available for self-guided visits.

Accessibility:

  • The Hypogeum is not wheelchair accessible due to its ancient architecture and narrow corridors.
  • Visitors with mobility impairments may find it challenging to navigate the site.

Tips and Essentials

  • Wear Comfortable Shoes: The Hypogeum features many stairs, corridors, and uneven floors, making comfortable shoes a must.
  • Bring Water and Snacks: The visit can be quite long, so it’s essential to stay hydrated and energized.
  • Respect the Site: Remember to respect this ancient monument by not touching the walls or artifacts and keeping noise levels down.
  • Camera Policy: Non-flash photography is allowed for personal use only. Commercial photography requires prior permission from Heritage Malta.

Getting There

The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is located in Paola, Malta. You can reach the site by:

  • Bus: Take bus number 81 or 82 from Valletta or other major towns in Malta.
  • Car: Parking facilities are available near the site.
  • Taxi: Taxis are widely available in Malta and can be hailed on the street or booked in advance.

Nearby Attractions

  • Tarxien Temples: Another ancient megalithic temple complex, located just a few kilometers away from the Hypogeum.
  • Mdina: The “Silent City” is a historic fortified city with stunning architecture and breathtaking views of Malta.
  • Valletta: Malta’s capital city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, featuring Baroque architecture, historical landmarks, and cultural attractions.

Conclusion

The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is an unforgettable experience that offers a unique glimpse into Malta’s rich history and the lives of its ancient inhabitants. By following this guide, you’ll be well-prepared to make the most of your visit and create lasting memories of this incredible archaeological site.