Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul Campeche

The Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Introduction

Located in the Mexican state of Campeche, the Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that offers an unforgettable experience for tourists. This vast archaeological site, surrounded by lush tropical forests, is a treasure trove of history, culture, and nature. In this guide, we will delve into the rich heritage of the Maya civilization, explore the ancient city’s structures and ruins, and discover the secrets of the protected tropical forests.

History of Calakmul

The Ancient Maya City of Calakmul dates back to the Pre-Classic period (2000 BCE - 250 CE). The city was an important center of power and politics in the Maya Lowlands, with a population of over 50,000 people. The name “Calakmul” means “City of the Adjacent Pyramids” in the Yucatec Maya language. During its peak, Calakmul was a major rival to other powerful cities like Palenque and Tikal.

Structures and Ruins

The ancient city covers an area of approximately 70 km² (27 sq mi), making it one of the largest Maya sites in Mexico. Some of the most impressive structures and ruins include:

  • Estructura II: A majestic pyramid, over 45 meters (148 ft) high, with a base of 120 meters (394 ft) per side.
  • Estructura VII: A smaller pyramid, but with intricate stone carvings and sculptures.
  • Plaza Central: The main square of the city, surrounded by important buildings like the Temple of the Warriors and the Palace of the Governor.
  • El Palacio: A complex of buildings that served as the residence of the ruling elite.
  • Las Torres Gemelas: Twin towers that likely held astronomical significance.

Protected Tropical Forests

The Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, established in 1991, is one of the largest tropical forests in Mexico. The reserve covers an area of approximately 723,185 hectares (1,785,111 acres), making it a vital habitat for a vast array of flora and fauna.

  • Wildlife: The forest is home to over 350 species of birds, 50 species of mammals, and thousands of insect species.
  • Vegetation: The reserve boasts an incredible diversity of plant life, including mahogany, cedar, and kapok trees.
  • Water Sources: Several rivers, streams, and cenotes (natural sinkholes) crisscross the forest, providing a lifeline for the ecosystem.

Tourist Information

Getting There

  • The nearest airport is in Campeche City, approximately 260 km (162 miles) from Calakmul.
  • From Campeche City, take Highway 180 east towards Escárcega, then continue on Highway 186 north to the town of Xpujil.

Accommodations

  • Camping: The reserve offers several campsites with basic amenities.
  • Eco-Lodges: Choose from various eco-lodges within the reserve, offering comfortable accommodations and guided tours.
  • Hotels: Stay in nearby towns like Xpujil or Escárcega, which offer a range of hotels and restaurants.

Guided Tours

  • Hire a certified guide to explore the ancient city and forest.
  • Choose from various tour packages, including:
    • Half-day tours of the archaeological site
    • Full-day tours of the reserve, including hiking and birdwatching excursions
    • Multi-day expeditions, including camping and exploring remote areas of the forest

Safety Precautions

  • Always stay on designated trails and paths.
  • Bring insect repellent, sunscreen, and a hat to protect yourself from the sun and insects.
  • Avoid touching or climbing ancient structures to preserve the site’s integrity.

Responsible Tourism

As a responsible tourist, remember:

  • Respect the local environment and wildlife.
  • Support local communities by purchasing handicrafts and trying traditional cuisine.
  • Follow all rules and regulations within the reserve and archaeological site.
  • Report any damage or looting to the authorities immediately.

Interesting Facts and Tips

  • Best Time to Visit: The dry season, from December to May, is ideal for exploring the site and forest.
  • What to Bring:
    • Comfortable hiking shoes or boots
    • Light, breathable clothing
    • Binoculars for birdwatching and observing wildlife
    • Water bottle and refillable containers
  • Language: While many locals speak some English, learning basic Spanish phrases will enhance your experience.
  • Cuisine: Try traditional dishes like cochinita pibil (slow-roasted pork) and papadzules (tortillas stuffed with hard-boiled eggs).

Conclusion

The Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche, is a treasure trove of history, culture, and nature. By following this comprehensive guide, you will be well-equipped to explore the ancient city’s structures and ruins, discover the secrets of the protected tropical forests, and experience the rich heritage of the Maya civilization. Remember to respect the local environment and communities, and enjoy your unforgettable adventure in Calakmul!