Ashur Qalat Sherqat

The Ancient City of Ashur (Qalat Sherqat): A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Introduction

Located in the heart of Iraq, approximately 270 km north of Baghdad, lies the ancient city of Ashur (also known as Qalat Sherqat). This magnificent archaeological site is a treasure trove of history, architecture, and culture, dating back over 4,500 years. As one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Ashur is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in exploring the rich heritage of Mesopotamia.

History

Ashur’s origins date back to the Early Dynastic Period (c. 2900 BC), when it was founded as a small Sumerian city-state. Over time, the city flourished under various rulers, including the Akkadian Empire, the Ur-III Dynasty, and the Neo-Assyrian Empire. During its peak, Ashur served as the capital of the Assyrian Empire (c. 1365 BC - 612 BC), a powerful and influential force in the ancient Near East.

The Site

The archaeological site of Ashur is situated on the west bank of the Tigris River, covering an area of approximately 3 km². The city’s layout is characterized by a series of concentric walls, with the innermost wall enclosing the citadel and temple complex. The site is divided into several sections:

The Citadel

The citadel, also known as the Acropolis, is the highest point in Ashur, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. This fortified area was once home to the royal palace, temples, and administrative buildings.

The Temple Complex

Dedicated to the Mesopotamian god Asshur, the temple complex consists of several structures, including the main temple (Ekhursagkurkurra), the temple of Nabu (the god of wisdom), and the temple of Ninurta (the god of war).

The Lower City

The lower city was the residential area for the general population. Excavations have revealed numerous private houses, streets, and markets.

Must-See Attractions

  • The Ziggurat of Ashur: A majestic stepped pyramid dedicated to the god Asshur, built during the Neo-Assyrian period (c. 7th century BC).
  • The Temple of Nabu: One of the best-preserved temples in Ashur, featuring intricate carvings and ornate decorations.
  • The Royal Palace: The imposing palace of the Assyrian kings, showcasing their power and wealth.
  • The Winged Bulls: Impressive stone sculptures of winged bulls, symbolizing protection and strength, guarding the gates of the temple complex.

Practical Information

Getting There

Ashur is located approximately 270 km north of Baghdad. The closest airport is in Erbil (Iraqi Kurdistan), with regular flights from major cities worldwide. From Erbil, take a taxi or rent a car to reach Ashur (approximately 2 hours).

Accommodation

There are limited accommodation options in Ashur itself. Consider staying in nearby cities like Erbil or Mosul, which offer a range of hotels and guesthouses.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Ashur is during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), when temperatures are mild and comfortable for sightseeing.

Safety and Security

Iraq is still recovering from conflicts, and visitors should exercise caution. Travel with a reputable tour operator or local guide, and follow all instructions from authorities.

Tips and Essentials

  • Respect the Site: Ashur is an archaeological site; avoid touching or climbing on ancient structures to preserve them for future generations.
  • Dress Modestly: Cover your shoulders and knees as a sign of respect for the local culture and religious sites.
  • Stay Hydrated: Bring plenty of water and sun protection, as the Iraqi sun can be intense.
  • Learn Some Arabic: Greet locals with “مرحبا” (Marhaba) or “شكرا” (Shukraan), which will earn you a warm welcome.

Insider’s Secrets

  • Watch the Sunset: Find a spot on the citadel walls to witness the breathtaking sunset over the Tigris River.
  • Explore the Surroundings: Visit nearby villages, such as Qalat Sherqat, to experience rural Iraqi life and enjoy local cuisine.
  • Attend a Cultural Event: Ashur occasionally hosts cultural festivals and events; check with local authorities or tour operators for schedules.

Conclusion

Ashur (Qalat Sherqat) is an unforgettable destination that will transport you through the annals of history. With its rich cultural heritage, breathtaking architecture, and warm hospitality, this ancient city is a must-visit for any curious traveler. Plan your trip wisely, respect the site and local customs, and get ready to be awestruck by the grandeur of Mesopotamia’s past.

Additional Resources

  • Iraqi Ministry of Culture: For official information on Ashur and other Iraqi cultural sites.
  • UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Learn more about Ashur’s designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007.
  • Local Tour Operators: Research reputable tour operators offering guided tours to Ashur, ensuring a safe and enriching experience.