Fujian Tulou

Fujian Tulou: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Introduction

Tucked away in the southeastern province of Fujian, China lies a unique and fascinating architectural phenomenon – the Fujian Tulou (). These ancient earthen structures have been captivating visitors with their imposing presence, rich history, and intriguing cultural significance. In this guide, we’ll delve into the world of Fujian Tulou, covering its history, architecture, types, locations, and essential information for tourists.

History of Fujian Tulou

The origins of Fujian Tulou date back to the 12th century, during the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). The earliest recorded Tulou was built in 1135 AD. These structures were primarily constructed by the Hakka people, a subgroup of the Han Chinese ethnic group, who migrated from northern China to southern provinces like Fujian.

Over time, the Tulou became an integral part of Hakka culture, serving as communal dwellings, fortresses, and symbols of wealth and status. The Tulou’s unique design and construction were shaped by the region’s mountainous terrain, limited resources, and the need for defense against bandits and wild animals.

Architecture of Fujian Tulou

A typical Fujian Tulou is a massive, circular or rectangular structure made from rammed earth, with walls up to 2 meters thick. The buildings’ imposing size, ranging from 1,000 to 3,000 square meters, is a testament to the ingenuity and labor of their Hakka builders.

Characteristics

  • Earth construction: The Tulou’s walls are built using a mixture of earth, gravel, and water, compacted into wooden molds.
  • Thick walls: Walls provide excellent insulation, keeping the interior cool in summer and warm in winter.
  • Central courtyard: An open space at the center of the Tulou, often featuring a ancestral hall or temple.
  • Multiple stories: Some Tulou have up to five stories, with the upper levels used for storage or as private quarters.
  • Decorative elements: Carvings, murals, and ornate doorways adorn the exterior and interior of the Tulou.

Types of Fujian Tulou

There are over 3,000 Fujian Tulou scattered throughout the province, with five main categories:

1. Rectangular Tulou

  • Characterized by a rectangular shape and flat roofs.
  • Often used as communal dwellings or fortresses.

2. Circular Tulou

  • Distinguished by their circular shape and conical or dome-shaped roofs.
  • Typically built for defensive purposes, with narrow windows and doors.

3. Elliptical Tulou

  • Combine features of rectangular and circular Tulou.
  • Often feature a central courtyard and multiple stories.

4. Walled Tulou

  • Enclosed by high walls, with the Tulou structure situated within.
  • Provided additional security and protection for residents.

5. Hybrid Tulou

  • Blend elements from different Tulou types or incorporate non-traditional materials (e.g., brick or concrete).
  • Often built in recent times, showcasing innovative designs while preserving traditional essence.

Must-Visit Fujian Tulou Locations

1. Yongding District, Longyan City ()

  • Home to over 400 Tulou, including the famous Chengqi Lou and Huaiyuan Lou.
  • A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008.

2. Nanjing County, Zhangzhou City ()

  • Features over 100 Tulou, such as the stunning Zhenchenglou and Fuyu Lou.
  • Rich in Hakka culture and scenic natural surroundings.

3. Hua’an County, Zhangzhou City ()

  • Boasts an impressive collection of Tulou, including the ancient Tianluokeng Tulou Cluster.
  • Explore the picturesque countryside and traditional Hakka villages.

Essential Information for Tourists

Best Time to Visit

  • Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer comfortable temperatures and fewer tourists.
  • Avoid summer months (June to August) due to high humidity and heat.

Getting There

  • Fly into Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport () or Fuzhou Changle International Airport (), then take buses, taxis, or rental cars to reach Tulou locations.
  • Consider hiring a private driver or guide for a hassle-free experience.

Accommodation

  • Choose from budget-friendly guesthouses, mid-range hotels, and luxury resorts in Longyan City, Zhangzhou City, or nearby towns.
  • Book accommodations in advance, especially during peak travel seasons.

Safety Precautions

  • Be mindful of steep stairs, narrow corridors, and uneven floors within the Tulou.
  • Wear comfortable shoes and clothes suitable for walking and exploring rural areas.
  • Respect local customs, traditions, and private property when visiting Hakka villages.

Responsible Tourism

  • Support local economies by purchasing souvenirs from authentic sources.
  • Refrain from littering or damaging the environment and historical sites.
  • Engage with local guides and communities to foster cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.

Insider Tips

  • Visit during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and harsh sunlight.
  • Bring sunscreen, insect repellent, and water to ensure a comfortable visit.
  • Be prepared for variable weather conditions, including rain and fog.

In conclusion, Fujian Tulou is an unforgettable travel experience that offers a unique blend of history, culture, architecture, and natural beauty. By following this comprehensive guide, tourists can embark on an enriching journey through the world of these ancient earthen structures, fostering a deeper appreciation for China’s rich cultural heritage.