Gordion

The Ultimate Guide to Gordion: Unveiling the Secrets of Ancient Phrygia

Introduction

Tucked away in the rolling hills of central Turkey lies the ancient city of Gordion, a treasure trove of history, architecture, and natural beauty. As the capital of the Phrygian kingdom, Gordion was once a thriving metropolis, boasting impressive structures, vibrant markets, and a rich cultural heritage. Today, this archaeological site is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in exploring the ancient world.

Getting There

Gordion is situated approximately 80 km southwest of Ankara, Turkey’s capital city. The nearest airport is Esenboğa International Airport (ESB), which receives flights from major Turkish cities and some international destinations. From Ankara, take the D200 highway towards Polatlı, then follow signs to Gordion. Alternatively, join a guided tour that includes transportation from Ankara or Istanbul.

History of Gordion

Gordion’s history dates back to the 12th century BCE, when it was founded by the Phrygians, an Indo-European people who migrated from Europe. Under King Midas (725-696 BCE), the city flourished, becoming a center of trade, culture, and politics. The Phrygian kingdom reached its peak during this period, with Gordion serving as the capital.

In 696 BCE, the Cimmerians invaded and destroyed much of the city. Later, in the 3rd century CE, the Romans occupied Gordion, renaming it Gordium. Following the Roman Empire’s decline, the site was abandoned until its rediscovery in the late 19th century.

The Archaeological Site

As you enter the archaeological site, you’ll be struck by the sheer scale and majesty of the ancient city. The excavated area covers approximately 100 hectares, with many structures still awaiting discovery.

The City Walls

Gordion’s impressive city walls stretch for over 7 km, enclosing the entire settlement. Built using limestone blocks, these fortifications date back to the Phrygian period and were reinforced during Roman times.

The Palace of King Midas

This magnificent structure is believed to be the palace of King Midas himself. Dating from the 8th century BCE, it features an impressive central courtyard surrounded by a series of rooms, including a grand throne room.

The Temple of Cybele

Dedicated to the Phrygian goddess Cybele, this temple was built in the 6th century BCE and is one of the best-preserved structures on site. Its stunning architecture showcases a mix of Phrygian and Greek influences.

The Theater

Gordion’s ancient theater dates from the Roman period (2nd-3rd century CE). While only partially excavated, it still offers a glimpse into the city’s rich cultural heritage.

The Tumuli

Scattered throughout the site are numerous tumuli, or burial mounds, built to honor prominent Phrygian leaders. These impressive structures provide valuable insights into ancient funeral practices and rituals.

Practical Information

  • Opening Hours: 8:00 AM - 7:00 PM (April-October), 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM (November-March)
  • Admission Fee: 20 Turkish Lira (approximately $3 USD) per person
  • Guided Tours: Available in English, Turkish, and other languages; book in advance to ensure availability
  • Facilities: Restrooms, snack bars, and picnic areas are available on site

Tips for Visitors

  • Wear comfortable shoes, as the terrain can be uneven and steep in some areas.
  • Bring sunscreen, a hat, and water to stay hydrated during your visit.
  • Respect the archaeological site by not touching or climbing on structures.
  • Take advantage of guided tours to gain deeper insights into Gordion’s history and significance.

Accommodation and Dining

While there are no hotels directly adjacent to the archaeological site, nearby Polatlı offers a range of accommodations to suit various budgets. For dining options, try local specialties such as kebabs, pide (Turkish pizza), and sweet pastries at one of the many restaurants in Polatlı.

Day Trips and Excursions

  • Ankara: Explore Turkey’s vibrant capital city, featuring attractions like Anıtkabir (Atatürk’s Mausoleum) and the Ankara Castle.
  • Çorum: Visit this charming town, known for its historic architecture, picturesque streets, and delicious local cuisine.
  • Hattusa: Discover the ancient Hittite capital, a UNESCO World Heritage Site featuring impressive ruins and stunning natural surroundings.

Conservation Efforts

Gordion is an active archaeological site, with ongoing excavations and conservation projects aimed at preserving this cultural treasure for future generations. Visitors can support these efforts by respecting the site’s rules and regulations, as well as donating to organizations dedicated to the preservation of Turkey’s rich cultural heritage.

Conclusion

Gordion is a testament to the ingenuity, creativity, and resilience of ancient civilizations. As you wander through its ruins, you’ll be transported back in time, surrounded by the whispers of history. Whether you’re an archaeology enthusiast, a history buff, or simply curious about the world’s cultural treasures, Gordion awaits – ready to share its secrets with those willing to listen.

Additional Resources

Happy travels, and may the wonders of Gordion leave you in awe!