Hattusha the Hittite Capital

Hattusa: Unveiling the Secrets of the Ancient Hittite Capital

Hidden in the rolling hills of central Turkey lies a city shrouded in mystery and intrigue. Hattusa, the ancient capital of the Hittite Empire, is a treasure trove of history, architecture, and culture waiting to be uncovered.

A Brief History of the Hittites

The Hittites were an ancient civilization that flourished from 1600 BCE to 1178 BCE. Originating from central Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), they rose to power in the 2nd millennium BCE, creating a vast empire that stretched from modern-day Syria to western Turkey. At its peak, the Hittite Empire was one of the most powerful empires of the ancient Near East.

The Discovery of Hattusa

In the late 19th century, German archaeologist Hugo Winckler stumbled upon the ruins of Hattusa while searching for the legendary city of Troy. Excavations began in earnest in the early 20th century, and since then, the site has yielded a treasure trove of artifacts, inscriptions, and architectural wonders.

The City of Hattusa

Perched atop a rocky outcrop, Hattusa’s strategic location commanded breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside. The city’s architecture is a testament to the ingenuity and craftsmanship of the Hittites. The most impressive structure is the Lion Gate, flanked by two magnificent stone lions that have stood guard for over 3,500 years.

The city’s layout was carefully planned, with separate quarters for the royal family, priests, artisans, and merchants. The Grand Temple, dedicated to the Hittite storm god Tarhunt, is an architectural masterpiece, featuring a grand procession road lined with stone statues of gods and goddesses.

The Treasures of Hattusa

Hattusa has yielded an astonishing array of artifacts, including:

  • Cuneiform tablets: Thousands of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform script have shed light on the daily life, politics, and mythology of the Hittites.
  • Reliefs and sculptures: Exquisite stone carvings depicting gods, goddesses, and mythological creatures adorn the city’s walls and temples.
  • Pottery and jewelry: Delicate ceramics and intricately crafted jewelry pieces showcase the artistic prowess of the Hittites.

Visiting Hattusa Today

Located near the modern town of Boğazkale (formerly Bogazköy), Hattusa is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Turkey’s most popular tourist attractions. Visitors can explore the city’s ruins, marvel at the Lion Gate, and wander through the Grand Temple.

Conclusion

Hattusa, the ancient capital of the Hittite Empire, is an archaeological treasure trove waiting to be discovered. As we unravel the secrets of this enigmatic city, we are reminded of the ingenuity, creativity, and resilience of the human spirit. Whether you’re a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply curious about the ancient world, Hattusa is an unforgettable destination that will leave you in awe.

Plan Your Visit

  • Getting there: Fly to Ankara (Turkey’s capital) and take a bus or taxi to Boğazkale (approx. 2 hours).
  • Accommodation: Stay in nearby Boğazkale or Çorum.
  • Best time to visit: Spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) for comfortable weather and fewer tourists.

Join me on this journey through the ancient world, and together, let’s uncover the secrets of Hattusa!