Head Smashed in Buffalo Jump

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Located in Alberta, Canada, Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most impressive archaeological sites in North America. This guide will take you on a journey through the history, significance, and attractions of this fascinating site.

History and Significance

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump dates back over 6,000 years to the Late Prehistoric Period (3000 BCE - 1500 CE). The site was used by the indigenous people of the Great Plains, specifically the Blackfoot Confederacy, to hunt bison. The jump, a natural limestone cliff, was used to drive buffalo herds off the edge, killing or injuring them in the process.

The name “Head-Smashed-In” comes from a legendary story about a young warrior who was caught in the stampede and had his head smashed against the rocks at the base of the cliff. The site was used for hunting until the mid-19th century when European settlement and the introduction of horses changed the way of life for the indigenous people.

The Site

The Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump site consists of:

  • The Jump: A 36-foot-high (11 meters) limestone cliff that stretches for over a mile (1.6 kilometers).
  • The Kill Zone: The area at the base of the jump where the bison were killed or injured.
  • The Drive Lanes: The routes used by the hunters to drive the bison towards the jump.
  • The Processing Area: Where the bison carcasses were butchered and processed.

Interpretive Centre

The Interpretive Centre is a modern facility that provides an in-depth look at the history and significance of the site. The centre features:

  • Exhibits: Displays showcasing artifacts, artwork, and interactive displays that tell the story of the buffalo hunt and the indigenous people.
  • Audio-Visual Presentations: Short films and videos that provide an overview of the site’s history and significance.
  • Guided Tours: Knowledgeable guides who will take you on a tour of the site, providing insights into the history, geology, and ecology of the area.

Things to Do

  • Hike the Drive Lanes: Take a guided or self-guided hike along the drive lanes, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.
  • Explore the Kill Zone: Visit the area at the base of the jump where the bison were killed or injured, and learn about the hunting techniques used by the indigenous people.
  • Participate in a Traditional Ceremony: During special events, participate in traditional ceremonies and activities led by local indigenous leaders.
  • Take a Scenic Drive: The scenic drive to the site offers stunning views of the Rocky Mountains and the surrounding landscape.

Practical Information

Getting There

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is located approximately 18 kilometers northwest of Fort Macleod, Alberta. From Calgary, take Highway 2 south for approximately 130 kilometers, then turn west onto Highway 3 for another 60 kilometers.

Admission and Hours

Admission to the site is by donation. The Interpretive Centre is open from May 1st to October 31st, daily from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm.

Facilities

The Interpretive Centre offers:

  • Gift Shop: A selection of books, souvenirs, and local artwork.
  • Café: Offering light meals and refreshments.
  • Picnic Area: Outdoor seating area with tables and benches.

Tips and Reminders

  • Respect the Site: Remember to respect the site and its history. Do not touch or remove any artifacts, and stay on designated trails.
  • Dress Appropriately: Wear comfortable walking shoes and dress in layers for changing weather conditions.
  • Bring Water and Snacks: The scenic drive and hike can be strenuous, so bring water and snacks to keep you energized.

Accommodations

Fort Macleod offers a range of accommodations, from budget-friendly motels to luxury bed-and-breakfasts. Some popular options include:

  • The Fort Motel: A cozy motel with comfortable rooms and a hot tub.
  • The Heritage Inn: A historic hotel offering luxurious rooms and suites.
  • The Lazy EL Bed and Breakfast: A charming B&B with homemade breakfasts and stunning views.

Dining

Fort Macleod offers a range of dining options, from casual cafes to fine dining restaurants. Some popular options include:

  • The Fort Café: A cozy café serving breakfast, lunch, and snacks.
  • The Heritage Inn Dining Room: A fine dining restaurant offering local specialties and an extensive wine list.
  • Mac’s BBQ: A casual barbecue joint with delicious ribs and burgers.

Conclusion

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump is a unique and fascinating site that offers a glimpse into the history and traditions of the indigenous people of the Great Plains. With its rich history, stunning natural beauty, and range of activities, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, culture, and nature.

Remember to respect the site and its history, dress appropriately, and bring water and snacks to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable visit.