Heart of Neolithic Orkney

Heart of Neolithic Orkney: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

The Heart of Neolithic Orkney is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. This incredible archaeological site showcases some of the most impressive and well-preserved Neolithic monuments in the world. In this guide, we’ll delve into the history, significance, and attractions of this fascinating destination.

Getting There

The Orkney Islands are situated off the north coast of Scotland. The nearest airport is Kirkwall Airport (KOI), which receives flights from Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Inverness. You can also take a ferry from Aberdeen or Caithness to Stromness, the main town in the Orkney Islands.

The Neolithic Era

The Neolithic era, which spanned from around 4000 to 2500 BCE, was a time of significant cultural and technological development in human history. During this period, people began to transition from a nomadic, hunter-gatherer lifestyle to one that was more sedentary and agricultural.

Maeshowe

History

Maeshowe is one of the most impressive Neolithic tombs in Orkney. Built around 2800 BCE, it’s believed to have been constructed as a burial site for the island’s elite. The tomb’s entrance is aligned with the winter solstice sunrise, showcasing the ingenuity and astronomical knowledge of the Neolithic people.

Architecture

Maeshowe is a magnificent example of Neolithic architecture. The tomb consists of a circular mound, approximately 30 meters in diameter, surrounded by a ditch and bank. The entrance passage is lined with massive stone slabs, leading to a central chamber where the remains of the deceased were placed.

Visiting Maeshowe

  • Opening Hours: April to September: 9:30 am to 5:30 pm; October to March: 9:30 am to 4:30 pm
  • Admission: Free, but booking in advance is recommended due to limited capacity
  • Guided Tours: Available throughout the day

Skara Brae

History

Skara Brae is one of the most well-preserved Neolithic villages in Europe. Dating back to around 3100 BCE, it was occupied for over 600 years before being abandoned. The site was buried under sand and soil for centuries, which helped preserve its remarkable architecture.

Architecture

Skara Brae consists of eight interconnected houses, each with a central hearth and stone furniture, including beds and dressers. The village is surrounded by a wall, and the buildings are constructed from local flagstone.

Visiting Skara Brae

  • Opening Hours: April to September: 9:30 am to 5:30 pm; October to March: 9:30 am to 4:30 pm
  • Admission: Free, but booking in advance is recommended due to limited capacity
  • Guided Tours: Available throughout the day

Ring of Brodgar

History

The Ring of Brodgar is a Neolithic circle of standing stones, built around 2500 BCE. This incredible monument consists of 60 stones, of which 27 remain today.

Architecture

The Ring of Brodgar is an imposing structure, with stones reaching up to 4.5 meters in height. The circle is approximately 100 meters in diameter and is surrounded by a ditch.

Visiting the Ring of Brodgar

  • Opening Hours: Always open, but guided tours are available during the day
  • Admission: Free
  • Guided Tours: Available throughout the day

Dounby

History

Dounby is a Neolithic tomb, built around 2500 BCE. This impressive monument consists of a circular mound surrounded by a ditch and bank.

Architecture

The tomb’s entrance passage is lined with massive stone slabs, leading to a central chamber where the remains of the deceased were placed.

Visiting Dounby

  • Opening Hours: Always open, but guided tours are available during the day
  • Admission: Free
  • Guided Tours: Available throughout the day

Tips and Essentials

  • Getting Around: The Heart of Neolithic Orkney is spread across several sites. You can use public transportation or drive between locations.
  • Weather: Orkney’s weather can be unpredictable. Be sure to pack waterproof clothing and comfortable shoes.
  • Food and Drink: There are cafes and restaurants near each site, offering a range of local cuisine.
  • Accessibility: The sites have wheelchair access, but some areas may be challenging for those with mobility impairments.

Insider Tips

  • Early Bird: Visit the sites early in the morning or late in the evening to avoid crowds and enjoy the peaceful atmosphere.
  • Guided Tours: Take advantage of guided tours to gain a deeper understanding of the history and significance of each site.
  • Star Gazing: The Orkney Islands are known for their incredible stargazing opportunities. Spend an evening gazing up at the stars in this Dark Sky Island.

Accommodation

Orkney has a range of accommodation options, from luxury hotels to cozy B&Bs and self-catering apartments. Be sure to book in advance, especially during peak season (June to August).

Other Attractions

  • Stromness Museum: Explore the history and culture of Orkney at this excellent museum.
  • Orkney Wireless Museum: Learn about the island’s role in the development of wireless communication.
  • The Royal Oak Hotel: Enjoy a drink or meal at this historic hotel, which has hosted many famous visitors.

Conclusion

The Heart of Neolithic Orkney is an unforgettable destination for anyone interested in history, culture, and archaeology. With its incredible monuments, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality, you’ll leave with memories to last a lifetime. So pack your bags, grab your camera, and get ready to explore one of the world’s most fascinating ancient civilizations.