Historic Centre Old Town of Tallinn

The Ultimate Guide to the Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn

Located on the northern coast of Estonia, Tallinn’s Historic Centre is a treasure trove of medieval architecture, rich history, and cultural heritage. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to the Baltic region. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the intricacies of Old Town, exploring its hidden gems, popular attractions, and insider tips to make your visit an unforgettable experience.

History of Tallinn’s Historic Centre

The history of Tallinn dates back to the 13th century when it was a major trading hub in the Hanseatic League. The city’s strategic location on the Baltic Sea made it an attractive spot for merchants and traders from all over Europe. Over time, Tallinn grew into a powerful and wealthy city, with its rich history reflected in its stunning architecture.

Layout of the Historic Centre

The Old Town is divided into two parts: Toompea Hill, which houses the government and administrative buildings, and Lower Town, where you’ll find the bustling streets, shops, and restaurants. The entire area is surrounded by a 2.5 km-long (1.55 miles) city wall, with nine gates and 46 towers.

Toompea Hill

  • Toompea Castle: A stunning example of Gothic architecture, this castle dates back to the 9th century and now serves as the seat of the Estonian Parliament.
  • Alexander Nevsky Cathedral: A beautiful Orthodox cathedral built in 1900, featuring intricate mosaics and ornate decorations.
  • St. Mary’s Cathedral (Doom Church): The tallest building in Tallinn, offering breathtaking views of the city from its tower.

Lower Town

  • Town Hall Square (Raekoja plats): The heart of Old Town, surrounded by cafes, restaurants, and shops. Don’t miss the iconic Tallinn Town Hall, built in 1404.
  • Merchants’ House: A beautifully restored 15th-century building, now home to the Estonian History Museum.
  • St. Olaf’s Church: A majestic Gothic church with a 124-meter-tall (407 feet) tower, offering panoramic views of the city.

Must-Visit Attractions

Museums

  • Estonian History Museum: Explore Estonia’s rich history and cultural heritage through interactive exhibits.
  • Tallinn City Museum: Learn about the city’s development and significance in the Hanseatic League.
  • Kadriorg Art Museum: Discover an impressive collection of Estonian and international art.

Landmarks

  • Town Wall Walk: Take a stroll along the medieval city walls, offering breathtaking views of Old Town.
  • Viru Gate: One of the nine gates leading into Old Town, now housing a souvenir shop and cafe.
  • Harju Street: A charming cobblestone street lined with historic buildings, shops, and restaurants.

Markets and Shopping

  • Tallinn Central Market: Savor local delicacies and shop for handicrafts at this bustling market.
  • Rotermann Quarter: An upscale shopping district featuring boutique stores and trendy cafes.

Insider Tips and Recommendations

Food and Drink

  • Try traditional Estonian cuisine, such as verivorst (blood sausage), herring, or mulgikapsad (mashed potatoes with sauerkraut and pork).
  • Visit Olde Hansa, a medieval-themed restaurant serving local dishes.
  • Don’t miss the Tallinn Craft Beer Weekend in July.

Accommodation

  • Stay at Hotel Telegraaf, a luxurious boutique hotel located in a beautifully restored 19th-century building.
  • Old Town Hostel Alur offers budget-friendly accommodation with a lively atmosphere.

Events and Festivals

  • Tallinn Medieval Days (July): Experience the city’s medieval past through reenactments, performances, and workshops.
  • Tallinn Christmas Market (December): Enjoy festive atmosphere, local food, and handicrafts.
  • Estonian Song and Dance Festival (June-July): Witness a unique cultural phenomenon featuring thousands of performers.

Practical Information

  • Getting There: Tallinn is easily accessible by air, sea, or land. The nearest airport is Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport (TLL).
  • Language: Estonian is the official language, but many locals speak English, Russian, and Finnish.
  • Currency: Euro (€)
  • Weather: Tallinn experiences a humid continental climate with cold winters and mild summers.

Day Trips and Excursions

Nearby Destinations

  • Lahemaa National Park: Explore Estonia’s stunning natural beauty, featuring forests, cliffs, and coastal scenery. (~1 hour by car or bus)
  • Kadriorg Park and Palace: Visit the beautiful baroque palace built for Peter the Great in 1718. (~10 minutes by taxi or bus)

Cruises and Boat Tours

  • Take a Tallinn Bay Cruise to admire the city’s skyline from a different perspective.
  • Explore the Estonian Archipelago, featuring over 2,000 islands and islets.

Conclusion

The Historic Centre of Tallinn is a treasure trove of history, culture, and natural beauty. With its stunning architecture, rich heritage, and vibrant atmosphere, Old Town is an unforgettable destination for any traveler. Whether you’re interested in exploring medieval landmarks, indulging in local cuisine, or discovering Estonia’s unique cultural traditions, this guide has provided you with the ultimate insider’s perspective to make your visit an unforgettable experience.

Happy Travels!