L Anse Aux Meadows National Historic Site
L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site: A Comprehensive Guide
Located on the northernmost tip of Newfoundland, Canada, L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site is a must-visit destination for history buffs, nature enthusiasts, and anyone looking to explore the rugged beauty of the Great White North. This guide will take you on a journey through the site’s rich history, fascinating archaeological discoveries, and breathtaking natural surroundings.
History of the Site
L’Anse aux Meadows is the only confirmed Norse settlement in North America, dating back over 1,000 years. The Vikings, led by Leif Erikson, established this outpost around 1000 AD, making it a crucial milestone in the history of European exploration. The site’s name, L’Anse aux Meadows, translates to “Jellyfish Bay” in French, but its original Viking name remains unknown.
The Archaeological Discovery
In 1960, Norwegian explorer Anne Stine Ingstad and her husband, Helge Ingstad, stumbled upon the ancient settlement while searching for evidence of the Vikings’ presence in North America. Their discovery sparked a series of excavations, which uncovered the remnants of eight Norse buildings, including three longhouses, a blacksmith shop, and a boat repair area.
The Settlement
The Norse settlers at L’Anse aux Meadows lived in harmony with the land, exploiting its natural resources to sustain themselves. The settlement was strategically located near a natural harbor, providing access to the sea and its bounty. The Vikings hunted walrus, seal, and fish, while also gathering berries and other wild edibles.
The Longhouses
The three longhouses at L’Anse aux Meadows were constructed using local materials such as wood, turf, and stone. These communal dwellings housed multiple families, with each household occupying a separate section of the building. The largest longhouse, measuring 86 feet in length, is believed to have been the chieftain’s residence.
The Blacksmith Shop
The blacksmith shop is one of the most significant discoveries at L’Anse aux Meadows. The Vikings brought their metalworking skills with them from Greenland, and this shop would have played a crucial role in maintaining and repairing tools and equipment. Archaeologists found evidence of ironworking, including slag and charcoal.
The Boat Repair Area
The boat repair area is thought to have been used for constructing and maintaining the Vikings’ iconic vessels. The presence of whalebone and wooden fragments suggests that the settlers were skilled shipwrights.
Things to Do
Guided Tours
Park interpreters offer guided tours of the site, providing in-depth information about the history and significance of L’Anse aux Meadows. These tours are available from mid-June to early October.
Self-Guided Exploration
Visitors can explore the site on their own, using interpretive signage and interactive exhibits to learn about the Viking settlement. Take your time to absorb the tranquil atmosphere and imagine life as a Norse settler.
Hiking Trails
L’Anse aux Meadows offers several hiking trails, ranging from easy strolls to more challenging treks. The Transepts Trail takes you through a scenic coastal route, while the Wildberry Trail winds its way through a lush forest filled with wild berries and edible plants.
Wildlife Viewing
Keep your eyes peeled for an array of wildlife, including bears, moose, whales (in season), and various seabirds. The site’s diverse habitats support a wide range of flora and fauna.
Facilities and Services
Visitor Centre
The visitor centre is the perfect place to start your journey, featuring exhibits on the history and archaeology of L’Anse aux Meadows. Rangers are available to answer questions and provide recommendations for exploring the site.
Gift Shop
Pick up unique souvenirs, such as Viking-inspired jewelry, books about the Vikings in North America, or locally crafted items at the gift shop.
Picnic Areas
Take a break from exploring and enjoy a picnic with breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. There are several picnic areas throughout the site.
Tips and Essentials
Getting There
L’Anse aux Meadows is located approximately 45 minutes north of St. Anthony, Newfoundland. The site can be accessed by car via Highway 436 or by flying into St. Anthony Airport (YAY).
Accommodations
St. Anthony offers a range of accommodations, from cozy bed and breakfasts to hotels and campgrounds. Book in advance, especially during peak season.
Clothing and Gear
Be prepared for unpredictable Newfoundland weather with layers of clothing, waterproof gear, and sturdy hiking boots.
Food and Drink
Pack snacks and water, as services are limited within the site. Enjoy local cuisine, such as seafood and traditional Jiggs dinner, at one of St. Anthony’s many restaurants.
Insider’s Tips
Visit during Shoulder Season (May-June or September-October)
Avoid the crowds and enjoy milder weather during the shoulder season.
Take a Guided Tour
Guided tours provide invaluable insights into the history and significance of L’Anse aux Meadows.
Keep an Eye Out for Wildlife
Be respectful of the site’s wildlife, and keep a safe distance from bears and other animals.
Conclusion
L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site is a must-visit destination for anyone fascinated by the Vikings, natural beauty, or Canadian history. With its rich archaeological heritage, stunning landscapes, and diverse wildlife, this site has something to offer every kind of traveler. Take your time to explore, learn, and absorb the unique atmosphere of this incredible national treasure.
Additional Resources
- Parks Canada: L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site
- The Viking Settlement at L’Anse aux Meadows
- Newfoundland and Labrador Tourism
We hope you’ve enjoyed this comprehensive guide to L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site. Happy travels!