Prehistoric Caves of Yagul and Mitla in the Central Valley of Oaxaca

The Prehistoric Caves of Yagul and Mitla: A Comprehensive Guide for Tourists

Located in the heart of Mexico’s Central Valley of Oaxaca, the prehistoric caves of Yagul and Mitla are a treasure trove of ancient history, stunning natural beauty, and mystique. These two cave systems, nestled amidst the rolling hills and valleys of Oaxaca, offer an unparalleled adventure for tourists seeking to explore the region’s rich cultural heritage and unique geological features.

Getting There

By Air

The closest international airport is the Xoxocotlán International Airport (OAX) in Oaxaca City. From there, you can take a taxi or shuttle to your accommodation in Yagul or Mitla.

By Bus

Regular bus services connect Oaxaca City to Yagul and Mitla. The journey takes around 1-2 hours, depending on traffic conditions.

By Car

If you’re driving from Oaxaca City, take Highway 179 towards Tlacolula. Turn off at the signs for Yagul or Mitla, and follow the local roads to your destination.

Yagul Caves

History and Significance

The Yagul Caves, also known as the Grutas de Yagul, are a complex of three caves located in the municipality of Tlacolula. The site dates back to around 1000 BCE, during the Formative Period of Mesoamerican history. The caves were used by ancient civilizations for ceremonial and burial purposes.

Cave Features

  • Cueva de la Luna (Moon Cave): This cave features impressive stalactites and stalagmites, as well as ancient petroglyphs and pictographs.
  • Cueva del Diablo (Devil’s Cave): This cave is characterized by its striking red rock formations and a large chamber with an impressive ceiling height.
  • Cueva de la Virgen (Virgin Cave): This cave contains ancient artifacts, including ceramic vessels and stone tools.

Tours and Activities

  • Guided tours are available in Spanish, English, and French. These tours typically last around 1-2 hours.
  • Adventure seekers can opt for more extensive excursions, including rappelling and spelunking.
  • Visitors can also explore the surrounding countryside on horseback or by bike.

Mitla Caves

History and Significance

The Mitla Caves, also known as the Grutas de Mitla, are a network of underground tunnels and chambers located in the municipality of San Pablo Villa de Mitla. The site dates back to around 200 CE, during the Classic Period of Mesoamerican history. The caves were used by ancient Zapotec and Mixtec civilizations for ceremonial and burial purposes.

Cave Features

  • Cueva del Tigre (Tiger Cave): This cave features impressive stalactites and stalagmites, as well as ancient artifacts, including ceramic vessels and stone tools.
  • Cueva de la Reina (Queen’s Cave): This cave contains stunning rock formations, including towering columns and delicate draperies.

Tours and Activities

  • Guided tours are available in Spanish, English, and French. These tours typically last around 1-2 hours.
  • Visitors can explore the surrounding countryside on horseback or by bike.
  • The nearby town of Mitla offers a range of cultural attractions, including the Church of San Pablo Apostol and the Mitla Archaeological Site.

Tips and Essentials

Best Time to Visit

The dry season, from October to May, is the best time to visit the caves. Avoid visiting during heavy rainfall, as this can make the cave paths slippery and dangerous.

What to Bring

  • Comfortable walking shoes or hiking boots
  • Water bottle
  • Sunscreen and hat
  • Camera with flash (for capturing stunning cave photography)
  • Snacks and energy bars
  • First-aid kit

Safety Precautions

  • Follow all instructions provided by your guide or tour operator.
  • Be mindful of steep stairs, narrow passages, and uneven terrain.
  • Avoid touching ancient artifacts or rock formations to prevent damage.

Accommodation and Dining

A range of accommodations are available in Yagul and Mitla, from budget-friendly guesthouses to luxury hotels. Local cuisine features traditional Oaxacan dishes, including tlayudas, mezcal, and moles.

Additional Attractions

Tlacolula Valley

This picturesque valley is home to a range of attractions, including the ancient Zapotec ruins of Dainzú-Macuilxochitl, the hot springs of Hierve el Agua, and the charming town of Tlacolula.

Oaxaca City

Mexico’s culinary capital offers a wealth of cultural attractions, including the Zócalo (main square), the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption, and the Museo de las Culturas de Oaxaca.

Responsible Tourism

Respect Local Communities

Be mindful of local customs and traditions. Avoid taking photographs of indigenous people or sacred sites without permission.

Protect the Environment

Take all trash with you when leaving the caves and surrounding countryside. Avoid touching or damaging ancient artifacts or rock formations.

Support Local Businesses

Choose accommodations, tour operators, and restaurants that are locally owned and operated. This will help to support the local economy and promote sustainable tourism practices.

By following this comprehensive guide, tourists can ensure a safe, enjoyable, and responsible visit to the prehistoric caves of Yagul and Mitla in Oaxaca’s Central Valley.