Ste Ci Medieval Tombstone Graveyards

The Mysterious and Fascinating World of Stećci Medieval Tombstone Graveyards

Introduction

Tucked away in the rolling hills and lush forests of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia lies a hidden treasure trove of medieval history – the Stećci tombstone graveyards. These ancient cemeteries, dating back to the 12th century, are a testament to the region’s rich cultural heritage and a must-visit destination for any traveler interested in history, architecture, and mystery.

What are Stećci?

Stećci (singular: stećak) are medieval tombstones found in the aforementioned countries. The name “stećak” is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word “стѣкъ,” meaning “tombstone” or “monument.” These unique monuments are characterized by their intricate carvings, mysterious symbols, and enigmatic inscriptions, which have fascinated scholars and tourists alike for centuries.

History of Stećci

The origins of Stećci date back to the medieval period, specifically between the 12th and 16th centuries. During this time, Bosnia was a powerful kingdom, and the region was home to various noble families, knights, and clergy. The Stećci were created as tombstones for these prominent individuals, often featuring elaborate designs and inscriptions that reflected their social status, occupation, or achievements.

Types of Stećci

There are several types of Stećci, each with its unique characteristics:

Šahovi

Šahovi (from the Turkish word “şâh,” meaning “king”) are the most ornate and elaborate type of Stećci. They feature intricate carvings, often depicting scenes from everyday life, such as hunting, feasting, or musical performances.

Krstače

Krstače (cross-shaped tombstones) are characterized by a cross or a crucifix on top of a rectangular base. These Stećci typically feature simpler designs and inscriptions compared to Šahovi.

Sarcophagi

Sarcophagi (stone coffins) are the oldest type of Stećci, dating back to the 12th century. They often feature simple, yet elegant, carvings and inscriptions.

Inscriptions and Symbols

One of the most fascinating aspects of Stećci is their mysterious inscriptions and symbols. Many of these markings remain undeciphered to this day, sparking debate among scholars about their meaning and purpose. Some common symbols found on Stećci include:

Bosnian Cyrillic

The Bosnian Cyrillic script was used to write inscriptions on many Stećci. Although the language is Old Church Slavonic, the script is unique to Bosnia.

Runes

Some Stećci feature runic inscriptions, which were likely added by medieval Bosnians who had contact with Scandinavian or Germanic tribes.

Pagan Symbols

Many Stećci display pagan symbols, such as spirals, swastikas, and other geometric patterns, which may have been used to ward off evil spirits or represent ancient beliefs.

Tourist Information

Visiting a Stećci graveyard is an unforgettable experience. Here are some essential tips for tourists:

Getting There

Stećci graveyards can be found in rural areas, often accessible by dirt roads or hiking trails. Renting a car or hiring a local guide is recommended.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Stećci graveyards is during spring and autumn, when the weather is mild and the surroundings are particularly picturesque.

Respect the Sites

Remember to respect these ancient sites by not touching or climbing on the tombstones. Wear comfortable shoes and clothing, as you may need to walk through uneven terrain.

Guided Tours

Consider joining a guided tour to gain deeper insights into the history and symbolism of Stećci. Many local guides offer tours in multiple languages.

Must-Visit Stećci Graveyards

Here are some of the most impressive Stećci graveyards to visit:

Radimlja, Bosnia and Herzegovina

This graveyard near Stolac features over 150 Šahovi tombstones, including the famous “Knight’s Stećak,” which is adorned with intricate carvings of a knight and his horse.

Nikolići, Montenegro

Located in the village of Nikolići, this graveyard boasts an impressive collection of Krstače and Sarcophagi tombstones, some dating back to the 12th century.

Crljivica, Croatia

This graveyard near the town of Livno features a mix of Šahovi and Krstače tombstones, including one with a unique carving of a mermaid-like creature.

Accommodations and Dining

When visiting Stećci graveyards, consider staying in local towns or villages to experience authentic Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, or Serbian hospitality. Be sure to try traditional dishes like:

Ćevapi (Chevapi)

These delicious minced meat sausages are typically served with flatbread and onions.

Burek (Flaky Pastry)

A classic Balkan pastry filled with meat, cheese, or spinach.

Rakia (Fruit Brandy)

A popular spirit made from fermented fruit, often enjoyed as a welcome drink or digestif.

Conclusion

The Stećci medieval tombstone graveyards are a cultural treasure trove waiting to be explored. With their mysterious inscriptions, intricate carvings, and rich history, these ancient sites offer an unforgettable experience for tourists interested in history, architecture, and mystery. So pack your bags, grab your camera, and get ready to uncover the secrets of the Stećci!